The Greek meaning for ‘land between two rivers’ Mesopotamia

2005-01-02T16:47:00.000-08:00

The Greek meaning for ‘land between two rivers’ Mesopotamia, refers to the land between the Tiqris river and the Euphrates river and forms the main part of Iraq and the country. Historically some of the people living BC5000-4000 were Jews who decided to leave Mesopotamia and move to where Israel is now. Appendix History of Mesopotamia present day Iraq BC 5000-4000 Semitic races came to Mesopotamia. Hamitic races come to the Nile Valley. BC 1004 David becomes Hebrew King taking a tribal people into a monarchy after 1st king Saul makes way for David. Solomon was the third and final king but was a great king of fabulous wealth in the capital in Jerusalem. See appendix one for Map. BC 686 Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar II defeats Judah Kingdom and takes Jews into Babylon and destroyed the Kingdom ending the Judean kingdom and began the ‘Babylonian Captivity’ for many Jews. Babylon becomes a city greatest glory and the reign of the Neo-Babylonian empire peaked. (One of his building projects was the ‘Hanging Gardens’ one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient world). BC 330 Persian Empire(550-330) falls to Alexander the Great at the battle of Gaugamela, in present day Iraq, defeating the Persian army and Darius III the then king dies in retreat and Alexander gained control of the entire Mediterranean coast. AD1 Christ is born and the Christian faith is introduced to the area starting in Jerusalem. Christ was from a Jewish mother. AD 267 due to Roman attack the Persia loses western part of Tigris River. AD 570 Mohammed (Muhammad) born. The start of Islam as a religion in AD 622. AD 762 Baghdad, the capital of Iraq was founded as the new capital of the Abbasid Dynasty. The ‘Abassid caliphate (758-1258) was dounded on two disaffected Islamic populations: non-Arabic Muslims and Shi’ites. AD 822 ‘House of Knowledge’ set up in Baghdad and Greek culture introduced. The Abbasid caliph al-Ma’mun founds the Bayt al Hikmah at Baghdad (in modern Iraq) a center for the translation of philosophical and scientific works from Greek to Arabic. AD 1099 1st Crusade conquers Jerusalem. Muslims took shelter in the Dome of the Rock but to no avail and all occupants were slaughtered in the al-Aksa Mosque, Jews took refuge in the main synagogue. It was burned to the ground, killing all inside. AD 1204 Forth Crusades captures Constantinople. Stimulated by Pope Innocent III. AD 1258 Mongolian forces attack Baghdad and overthrow Abbasid Caliphate. Tughril last Seljuk sultan of Iraq, was killed by the leader of a Turkish dynasty. (the Khwarizm shahs, who lived south of Aral Sea) Before his successor could establish Khwarizm rule in Iraq, Baghdad was overrun by the Mongol Horde.[1] AD 1299 Ottoman Dynasty of Turks begins (-1893) AD 1393 Timur invades Iraq. See map appendix two. AD 1638 Murad IV of Turkey Annexes Iraq he slaughtered some 30,000 soldiers and another 30,000 civilinas. AD 1768 Russia-Turkish War (-1774). AD 1798 Napoleon invades Egypt. AD 1853 Crimean war where Britain fought. It began between Russian Orthodox monks and French Catholics. Who had precedence at the holy Places in Jerusalem and Nazereth. Violence resulted in death and Russia went to war. AD 1817 Baha’u’llah is born the Profit founder of the Baha’I Faith in Persia. AD 1844 Baha’i. Faith starts its Calendar 23 May. AD 1863 Baha’u’llah publically declares his mission. AD 1869 Suez Canal opens. AD 1873 Baha’u’llah writes the Kitab-i-Aqdas (The Most Holy Book) of his dispensation. In it Baha’u’llah sets out collective security which we will see manifest in Iraq(1991-2003). 1892 Baha’u’llah passes away and is buried in Akka, Israel and becomes a pilgrimage point for all Baha’is. Abdul-Baha the oldest son of Baha’u’llah become the centre of the Baha’I cause. Abdul-Baha travels to USA in 1912 for a speaking engagement. AD 1916 1st Baha’I in New Zealand declares after reading reports of Abdul Baha’s trip to America. AD 1917 Balfour Declaration. The formation process of the League of Nations (January 8 1918 to April 18th 1946). AD 1919 British army occupies Baghdad taken from Turkey. AD 1920 Great Britain Assigned mandate for Iraq. Iraqi nationalist revolt. (League of Nations set up) AD 1921 Abdul-Baha passes away. Shoghi Effendi was his 24 year old Grandson appointed Guardian of the Baha’I faith. British prolclaim Faisal King of Iraq. AD 1922 Iraq and Great Britain conclude military agreement. AD 1926 Revision of Iraqi-British agreement. Extension of the Iraqi-British relation to 25 years or until Iraq joins the League of Nations. 1927 Oil field discovered in Kirkuk. 1932 Iraq admitted to the League of Nations and becomes independent. 1933 King Faisal of Iraq dies and Ghazi succeeds. 1939 King Ghazi of Iraq dies in a car accident. His son Faisal II succeeds and Abdullah becomes regent. 1941 Coup d’etat in Iraq. Lebanon declares independence. United Nations formation (1 January 1942 to 24 October 1945). 1948 Israel declares ‘independence.’ Palestine war breaks out. 1956 Outbreak of Sues War between Israel and Egypt. 1956 Monarchy in Iraq abolished. Iraq becomes a republic. 1957 Shoghi Effendi dies in London and is buried there. 1961 Kurdish revolt launched in Iraq. 1963 April 21 st The 1st Universal House of Justice (set out in Baha’u’llah’s Most holy book 1873 that the House of Justice would be elected) is elected in London and the Universal House of Justice sits in Haifa, Israel with a five yearly elected cycle. Coup d’etat in Iraq. Abdel-Aalam Arif takes power. 1967 third Middle East war. 1968 2nd election of the Universal House of Justice Haifa Israel. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr takes power and Iraqi. 1973 3rd Univeral House of Justice elected in Haifa Israel. Arab Baath Socialist party and Communist Party signed Charter (Iraq). 1974 Armies of Iraq and Iran exchange fire along the border. 1977 July 15 Saddam Hussein becomes president Iraq. 1978 4th Universal House of Justice takes place Haifa Israel. 1980 Iran-Iraq war starts (-1988). 1983 5th Universal House of Justice Election Haifa Israel. 1988 6th Universal House of Justice election Haifa Israel. 1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait, Gulf War starts with UN coalition against Iraq.1993 7th Universal House of Justice Elected Haifa Israel. 1998 8th Universal House of Justice election Haifa Israel. 2003 April 21 9th Universal House of Justice Election Haifa, Israel. 2003 March 19 Iraq invaded by USA lead coalition force after continue resistance to UN resolutions. 2003 Bremer made Governor. 2003 Saddam captured and taken into allied custody. 2003 to the interim government set up. 2004 Baha’i nine-member National spiritual assembly of Iraqi reelected after 30 years. 2005 January democratic elections are scheduled for Iraq. 2008 10th Universal House of Justice Election. [1] http://www.folium.ro/world-encyclopedia/iraq/16.htm

Mesopotamia 5000 BC to 2005

The Greek meaning for ‘land between two rivers’ Mesopotamia